Самый первый нефтедобытчик
30 11 2008Сырая нефть, которая добывается на поверхности Земли, была известна еще древним людям. Она иногда использовалась в лампах и факелах. В Соединенных Штатах в районе гор Аллеганов имеются большие залежи нефти. В некоторых местах нефть залегает так близко к поверхности Земли, что струей прорывается наружу.
Сырая нефть использовалась как медицинское средство, и вскоре в этом появилась большая необходимость. Но никто не догадался бурить поверхность земли для добычи нефти. Первооткрывателем идеи бурения для добычи нефти был нью-йоркский юрист Георг Бисселл.
Бисселл получил образцы нефти для анализа, и химики сделали вывод, что нефть обладает многими полезными качествами. В 1857 году Бисселл нанял человека по имени Эдвин Л.Дрейк, которому поручил заботиться о нефтяной собственности в Нефтяном Заливе в штате Пенсильвания.
Дрейк решил бурить землю в поисках нефти. Но скважина забилась обвалившейся в нее землей. У Дрейка возникла идея — почему бы не установить в скважине железную трубу, чтобы поддерживать стенки скважины. С тех пор так и делают в любой нефтяной скважине.
В воскресенье, 28 августа 1859 года была пробурена скважина глубиною в 21 метр. Дрейк решил проверить содержимое скважины. Внизу он увидел темную жидкость. Он опустил черпак на веревке, вынул его назад, понюхал содержимое. Это была нефть! Он был первым, кто добыл нефть путем бурения. Новость быстро распространилась, и мир охватила нефтяная лихорадка. Она началась во всех уголках Соединенных Штатов, в Канаде и Европе. Начался новый век.
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